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Layer: pp_ann_min_avg (ID: 35)

Parent Layer: Primary Productivity

Name: pp_ann_min_avg

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Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>Emerald Basin on the Scotian Shelf off Nova Scotia, Canada, is home to a globally unique</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>aggregation of the glass sponge </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>Vazella pourtalesi</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>, first documented in the region in 1889.</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>In 2009, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) implemented two Sponge Conservation</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>Areas to protect these sponge grounds from bottom fishing activities. Together, the two conservation</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>areas encompass 259 km</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>2</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. In order to ascertain the degree to which the sponge</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>grounds remain unprotected, we modelled the presence probability and predicted range distribution</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>V</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>pourtalesi </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>on the Scotian Shelf using random forest modelling on presence</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>absence</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>records. With a high degree of accuracy the random forest model predicted the</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>highest probability of occurrence of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>V</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>pourtalesi </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>in the inner basins on the central Scotian</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>Shelf, with lower probabilities at the shelf break and in the Fundian and Northeast Channels.</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>Bottom temperature was the most important determinant of its distribution in the model.</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>Although the two DFO Sponge Conservation Areas protect some of the more significant</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>concentrations of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>V</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>pourtalesi</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>, much of its predicted distribution remains unprotected (over</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>99%). Examination of the hydrographic conditions in Emerald Basin revealed that the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>V</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>.</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">pourtalesi </SPAN><SPAN>sponge grounds are associated with a warmer and more saline water mass compared</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>to the surrounding shelf. Reconstruction of historical bottom temperature and salinity</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>in Emerald Basin revealed strong multi-decadal variability, with average bottom temperatures</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>varying by 8</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>˚</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>C. We show that this species has persisted in the face of this climatic variability,</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>possibly indicating how it will respond to future climate change.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>

Service Item Id: ad025fccfc5544e8afa8b20b493f9d0d

Copyright Text: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, Canada B2Y 4A2

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